Introduction Microbial contamination and spoilage can be forensically determined by the following methods: Monitoring the physical and chemical changes of
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Contamination of Pharmaceutical Formulation and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)
Introduction The aim of aseptic technique during pharmaceutical formulation is to achieve asepsis to prevent the access of microorganisms into
Continue readingPreservatives for Pharmaceutical Formulations
Introduction Preservative are included in pharmaceutical formulations to reduce the susceptibility of the formulated products to microbial spoilage. Such preservatives
Continue readingSystemic Classification of Bacteria
Introduction Bacteria are ubiquitous single celled microscopic organism and as such, are vital for a balanced ecosystem. Their roles vary
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Introduction A substance in which solute is dissolved and forms solution is a solvent. Generally solvent is a liquid but
Continue readingClassification, Labelling and Packaging Hazard Pictograms
Introduction to CLP Hazard Pictograms The Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) pictograms are a set of pictures based on the
Continue readingBiosafety Level (BSL) Classification of Laboratories
Introduction to Biosafety Level A biosafety level (BSL), or pathogen/protection level, is a set of bio-containment precautions required to isolate
Continue readingPersonal Protective Equipment and Clothing in Laboratory
Introduction Personal protective equipment is used in order to protect ourselves when working with chemical hazards. Common examples of personal
Continue readingSafety Rules and Guidelines for Proper Use of Laboratory
A. General Safety rules 1. Learn about emergency responses This is important in cases of accidents. It is necessary to
Continue readingRectum: Function, Morphology and More
Definition of the Rectum The rectum is the terminal portion of the gut tube. The rectum begins in front of
Continue readingThe Anal Canal: Parts, Functions and Structure
Introduction to Anal Canal The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine and the gastrointestinal tract. Morphology
Continue readingLarge Intestine: Parts, Functions and Structure
Introduction The large intestine also known as the large bowel, is the distalmost part of the gastrointestinal tract and of
Continue readingDrugs Used in Leishmaniasis
Introduction Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by several different species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Current strategies
Continue readingAnthelmintics: Types, and Examples
Introduction Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from
Continue readingHistory of the Use of Plants as Medicines
One of the oldest records and considered the oldest written evidence of medicinal plants’ usage goes back to about 5000
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